Mr. William Bryant And His Romantic Antics Essay Example for Free

Mr. William Bryant And His Romantic Antics EssayRomanticism is a style of create verbally based in the late 19th century. It is characterized by spirit, individual expression, emotion and imagination. Many writers in his time were part of the Romantic Movement and William Cullen Bryant was one of them. His poems are full of Romantic ideals such as the benevolence of Nature and the emphasis on emotion. Bryant is clearly a Romantic poet and his poems Thanatopsis and To a Waterfowl are clearly illustrations of this.Nature is a big part of both Thanatopsis and To a Waterfowl. In Thanatopsis, Nature actually has a speaking part. The personified Nature teaches the reader to not alarm death, but accept it as a part of life. Nature in this poem is very comforting. She is described in detail and is portrayed as calm and compassionate in her way of speaking.In To a Waterfowl, nature is also important and in this poem, it is more concrete than the Nature in Thanatopsis. Bryant is tal king near a lone waterfowl that is flying through the air. The waterfowl is part of nature and he questions it as if it would answer. In Romantic poetry, it would answer, as in Thanatopsis, where nature actually speaks to the reader. This also shows the freedom and the mystical aspect in his writing.Idealism is also a big romantic characteristic in these poems. In Thanatopsis, realism would consider death a dark and horrible thing. However, the idealistic Bryant portrayed it as a part of life and that dying would bring you back to the heaven-sent Nature. In To a Waterfowl, the bird is solitary because he is a freethinking spirit and is flying free from others conventional ideas. This appeals to the radical and the idealistic Romantic in him.This poetry by William Cullen Bryant is clearly of the Romantic style. He uses nature in his poetry in an aesthetic way, stating it as a kind being. Idealism is employ in a romantic manner, glorifying death and showing the freedom of life in i ts natural form. His poetry is full of content and emotion with forgiveness and love. Bryants Thanatopsis and To a Waterfowl are two excellent examples of Romantic poetry because they useRomantic ideas of freedom, idealism, and benevolence of nature.

An Illustration of how Multinationals can fail Essay Example for Free

An Illustration of how Multinationals can fail EssayIn an ever- planetaryizing world, which is turning the world into a global village, businesses waste prove tremendous opportunities to expand their operations, markets and resources worldwide. Globalization has led to opening of national borders, allowing freer trade and increased exploitation of the resources located in foreign countries well-favored rise to the phenomena of multinational kind of a littles. These business enterprises own and control resources located in countries another(prenominal) than the solid ground where these originate from or have their head-quarters based in.After the disintegration of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) and creation of an sovereign Russia in 1991, thus ending the Cold War, Russians and other former USSR republics began to consider opening their borders to freer trade, and also introduce some free-market economy initiatives. It was and is s work perceived that the f ailure of state-run economy itself was the causation. During the early 80s the economy of Russia ceased to grow, making the government gradually set out from communist ways of governing the economy. even so this caused the USSR to break away.The reason why Russia had encouraged foreign investment on its soil is the potential for growth. Russia wishes to extract its rude(a) resources for domestic use and export, which can help it sustain growth. Just upon creating, a number of free market reforms were introduced to improve the economy. Among those reforms, especially those that encourage foreign investment, toil Sharing Agreement was introduced in 1994 which was signed with the Sakhalin II project consortium. Sakhalin Sakhalin is an island located in the far east of Russia, close to Japan.It is now known for its oil and gaseous state militia. on that point have been dickens projects that include Sakhalin I and Sakhalin II. The bea has grown in importance to Russia because i t is has one of the undeveloped oil reserves in the world. Sakhalin remained unexploited because USSR has other oil reserves in their central republics. It is estimated that the island and its surrounding have oil reserves amounting to 1. 8 billion tons of oil and gas reserves of about 2 billion cubic meters of natural gas. much(prenominal) large amount of untapped resources have make Sakhalin an attraction for foreign oil companies.Sakhalin inhabitants have seen a universal improvement is their life styles since the oil generation brought economic boom to their island. The inhabitants, who argon traditional in outlook are becoming more modern, and now prefer to move to the central Russia, which is more developed. The Consortium The consortium consisted of boom, Mitsui and Mitsubishi, which are multinational corporations, of which Shell had 55% of the shares. Royal Dutch Shell is a company which is jointly owned by the Dutch and Britain. Its core business is in oil and gas.It h ave make diversifications into many other areas of non-renewable and renewable capacity generations. So it can be more appropriately defined to be in the energy sector. It was the study(ip)ity shareholder of the project, which reflects the project core product. The remaining two minority shareholder, the Mitsui (25%) and Mitsubishi (20%) are corporations based in Japan and are conglomerates. Energy is not their core business. They have created small companies for some market share in the energy sector. thence they exist in the Sakhalin II, sharing the revenues and reducing investment find for Shell.Their exclusion from the project may not be of much business concern to them because they have businesses in other products. However, for Shell, the exclusion will be a severe blow for Shell. This is because the Sakhalin II project is considered by investors and media alike as an check building project. The Shell was planning to make further investments in the energy sector in the p hase II of the project, which could have broken several records which are the largest investment of Shell itself, the largest foreign investment in Russian history and likewise creation of worlds largest integrated oil and gas project.Such strides would have provided great potential for Shells growth. Exclusion means that Shell will lose their reputation by having to leave a project. The quarter partner emerged in the Sakhalin II project consortium is Gazprom which is Russia state owned energy corporation. It entered the consortium when it bought shares from all the three companies reducing them to exactly half of what it had been. Thus Gazprom became the majority share holder with 50% and one more share, giving it a majority position in the share.Gazproms entry into the consortium is preferably controversial. It is known that the Russian government forced Shell to sell their shares. This caused a blow to the image of Shell. The circumstances under which Gazproms get byover too k place also controversial. The Sakhalin Energy Investment Company is the operating company of which the shares are owned by the consortium. The creation of such(prenominal) a company is a legal exigency that is usually done two or more company want to do a joint venture. This arrangement helps the companies to organize their resources under a leafy vegetable company.For the Russian government, it helped ensure liquidity of the shareholdings, which means that any part of it can be traded with any company, and it is this feature that helped the Russian government make Gazprom a major shareholder. Production Sharing Agreement The consortium made explorations in the Sakhalin Island, and also succeeded in making export revenues. Soon, the Sakhalin II wan being considered as a most Copernican project for Shell. The only challenge that Shell or the Russians faced for in bringing Shell was the Production Sharing Agreement.This agreement is a commercial contract which allows the member o f the consortium to share the profits from the project. This agreement had many legal problems because it has many clauses which are not supported by other Russian Laws such as that of taxation. This has created a controversy which had been an obstacle to Shells presence advanced from the beginning. Production Sharing Agreement is supported by Russian Law but for non- Multinational corporations, which are state run companies in Russias case, there is a different law. This create another push through of multi-nationals presence throughout the world circumvention of topical anesthetic law.To encourage multinationals to remain in the country, new laws are created which are often are not available to local companies. (Abdelal, 2006) Production Sharing Agreement is designed to over-ride any local law. For example, in the energy sector of Russia the petroleum taxation for foreign oil companies is lesser than a local company. So, for example, they may stipulate a certain taxation rates on the profits of the foreign oil company that is party to the agreement, which is different from that of the general fiscal regime in the country as a whole.Production Sharing Agreement fall aparts too much powers to the multinational corporations. First these contract cannot be changed without any mutual agreement. If the government want to change any clause, for example, place limits on end products or increase tax rate, it is not possible unless the multinational corporation agrees. If it implements any change without the multinational accepting, then the multinational has the right to bring international arbitrators to resolve the cope. Production Sharing Agreements remain in force for the amply duration of the contract.The duration is usually a long period of time. This is favorable for the multinational because it gets the security for making any large capital investment. If would be quite risky for any foreign corporation to make a large investment without assurances. Th ese assurances are not new to any country attracting foreign investment. However it also benefits the country because there is a limited time given to the multinationals to make explorations. If the explorations does not yield any reserves, then the multinational company cannot reclaim more than their original investment.Once the exploration succeeds, the company first covers it costs until what is left is the profit oil. As stated by the name of the agreement, the productions profit is shared between the state oil company and the foreign oil company according to an agreed ratio which is usually 40 percent allocated to the foreign oil company. In any case, the investment made by the multinational is usually a risked investment. Recently there has been an issue with such agreement as being ineffective. The Russian Natural Resources Ministry believes that the projects should be reviewed.The ministry reported that the production-sharing agreements are ineffective and are damaging Russ ias national interests. If the agreements are interpreted for review and revision, this can potentially discourage the foreign investment in the future. (Buckley, 2006) Perhaps acting on national interests, the Russian government felt compelled to take over the Sakhalin II project. The project has a good estimate of profit oil which have been realized to be of a strategic importance to the Russia.There were other issues which may have compelled the Russian government to take such a step which can potentially discourage foreign investment. Environmental Issues one(a) issue that may have compelled the government to change the clauses of the agreement are environmental issues. The construction accomplish has caused harm to the environment. The environmental issues is an important issue that thinned Shells position in Russian energy sector because it lost the financial support of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, a major financer of the project.There are numerous environmental violation that took place. The construction of oil tankers bay needed extraction of undersea mud and disposal on a site farther away in the sea. This had a damaging impact on marine life and ecosystem, which produces fish for local populations consumption. The island is seismic in nature, that there are no safeguard against any major earthquake. The pipelines are not made up of an appropriate material and are vulnerable to breakdown in case of any such natural calamity. This can cause oil spill and thus are a risk to the environment.Also during the construction of some pipelines, it was found that large amount of earth was left in the open alongside the pipelines which caused the temporary revocation of the construction licenses and the contruction process had to be stopped. Such hindrances in the construction process increases the overall cost of construction and also endangers the environment. The consortium had to pay US $ 110,000 in advance to the Russian Federati on for all the potential damage that can be caused to fish off-shore in the Sea of Japan, although there has not been any oil spill till date.There have been reconstruction of some pipelines and also the re-routing of pipelines to prevent any potential damage in the future. Lessons from Shell in Sakhalin It has been found that since the publication of the case, Shell came under pressure from the environmental issues as well as the economic opportunities for Russia that compelled Gazprom to take over half of the Sakhalin II. With Shell under pressure, it became increasingly possible for Russia to come under a mutual agreement with Shell to change some clauses of the Production Sharing Agreement.Thus the intent of Russia was not to deal with the environmental issue but rather to gain control of the world gas industry as the project produces over 8 % of worlds gas and that too in the most transportable form, LPG. The goal might be to create a cartel in the future that can control the g as prices in the future. (Miriam, 2008) One lesson learnt is that in today globalizing world, multinational corporations face challenging situations where they have to know the interests of the country they are operating in.No matter what assurances have been made, it is important to consider the changing underlying economic interests behind such assurances. As we see in the case, the apparent reason for assurances made by Russia was to exploit its resources, however as it realized the economic potential of such vast reserves, they looked for an appropriate time to start the takeover program. The other lessons learnt is the multinationals should look at the social interests of the country where they have their operations. Environmental issues as we have seen in the Shells case were alarming social issues that went unheeded in the beginning.It is a habit of multinationals not to look after the social issues. Their motive is to exploit the market and maximize their profits in the proc ess. In the type of industry which Shell belongs to is rather inadequate term. After exploiting non-renewable resource until these have been exhausted, there will be no reason to stay in the country. Thus is this industry where short term interests exist, multinationals do not wish to make social investments. Another lesson that has been learnt is the approach to issues. As we have seen, Shell did not have a proactive approach let alone an interactive approach.We have seen that Shell took corrective go towards environment only if it was prompted by the Russian government and international environmental activists. Moreover, such steps seemed to be taken in haste, without much thought to the fact that such steps are also causing pollution. Such an approach is a oxidizable approach and it is now being discouraged in business circles. If an interactive approach had been taken, the conditions would have been much better, showing the world that the corporation is socially accountable and knows the interests of the countries where they operate.Russian Conditions for Foreign Direct Investment If we are to rely on the case study, we can infer that Russia has been making attempts to place itself as a end point for Foreign Direct Investment in the early 90s. That time was much different from what it is today. That time, Russians believed that free market economies can produce better results. For that reason they introduced new regulations that encourage investment by multinational corporations. However today, the government is once again centralizing its control of economy. This can change the way the Russian economy is managed.Such a step, which is unexpected and has not been favored by the multinationals, has stemmed from the local pressures. The public opposition of programs that favor the multinationals has increased. However, this has come at a time, when several opportunities are being realized. By coincidence or by intention, as we see in the case, the step w as taken when the economic opportunities were on the maximum. It has been found that although Russia has become a favoured destination for FDI, other large developing countries are becoming more popular in the recent years.WTO and multinationals are urging the Russians to right against corruption, red-tapes and bureaucracy, which are known causes why foreign investment does not enter Russia. Thus it has been realized that most investors enter Russia because of its largely untapped resources and markets. This has meant that investors still give low mark on Russias promotional efforts. (The School of Russian and Asian Studies, 2006) Due to the reluctance of Russia to open up as investors expect it to, has caused mainland chinaware and India become more favored destinations for FDI, although their growth in FDI is not as high.This is because these countries have already been allowing FDI much more openly even before Russia did. China opened up in1979 while India did in 1991. However i n the current global financial crisis, it has been found that FDI will fall in all these economies. So is difficult to predict which economy will get least unnatural by this crisis. It can be said that Russia may be least affected because its economy which is not as open as India or China, can prevent the shocks from reaching their economy. This goes with those who believe that there is a firewall that protects some Asian economies.References Abdelal, Rawi (2006) journey to Sakhalin Royal Dutch/Shell in Russia, Harvard Business School Publishing Buckley, Neil, Thomas Catan, Carola Hoyos and Arkady Osrovsky, (2006) Russia Calls for Review of Two Foreign Oil Projects Sakhalin Island, The Financial Times. 26 may 2006 p. 6. Miriam Elder (2008-12-2007). Russia look to control worlds gas prices, Telegraph. Retrieved on 27 December 2008 The School of Russian and Asian Studies (2006)RUSSIA INVESTMENT DESTINATION II, Retrieved Decemer 28, 2008, from RUSSIA INVESTMENT DESTINATION II, http// www. sras. org/news2. phtml? m=648

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Customer Service Policies Tourism Essay

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Customer Service Policies Tourism EssayThe capital of the United Kingdom Marriott Hotel Grosvenor Squ be is a 5 star hotel that is located in the Central London near to the Oxford passage and Park Lane. It is superstar of the classic hotels in England. The hotel has 236 luxurious bedrooms and 45 Club take bedrooms with many facilities like Club Lounge, Wi-Fi Internet access, versatile meeting and plaint space, MazeRestaurant, Maze Grill, Complimentary, fitness centre, 24-hour room function. (MARRIOTT, 2010)The hotel is located in Central London which has many tourist spots and centre of attractions around the locality. Some of the tourist spots nearby the hotel are The London Eye, Buckingham Palace, Theatre district, Madame Tussaud, Covent Garden, Big Ben and the Palace of Westminster, Oxford Street/Bond Street shopping, The Tate Modern, The British Museum, Big Bus London Tours, The Tower of London. These tourist spots are within walk able distan ce from this hotel which attracts to a greater extent of tourists. This saves them a lot of money from spending on transportation. Thus, tourists choose this hotel for their stay so that they have much more time to explore these tourist spots.As mentioned above Central London is non only a tourist spot but similarly a place full of Information engineering corridor and some of the main industrys head quarters are located here as well. The business clients and corporate choose this hotel because it saves a lot of time and money. Marriott also provides ripe(p) banqueting and boardroom facilities that are used to organise meetings and the banquets are also put to good use. The hotel provides lots of facilities and services to the corporate such as group check in, bill to the company etc. which provides good hospitality.The hotel also includes The Maze, which is a restaurant created by the world famous celebrity Chef Gordon Ramsay. Its one of the famous French and Asian blend restaur ants in London. Thus this is one of the key reasons that there are many celebrities who choose to dine in this restaurant often. a few(prenominal) family customers also visit this restaurant during the weekends to experience one of the fine dining restaurants in London. Due to its locality, Marriott attracts worldwide celebrities who come to London for world premiers. The hotel is also frequented by sports personalities who have their after win celebrations.CUSTOMER CARE POLICIESMarriott has many customer cautiousness policies which they are genuinely keen on following to attract muckle from all corners.Marriott has a very unique system of marketing and also takes utmost care in making the customers stay a pleasure so increasing the chances for them to come back. In this Marriott, the personal information of the residents is stored in the database. This database is securely stored to prevent non-breaching. This database is shared by all the Marriott across the world. This en ables them to send a accost card or a gift for their customer on the occasion of birthdays and anniversaries no matter where they are in the world. Because of the inter kindreds between the chains, this is achievable. According to surveys this method has been really efficacious in bringing back the customers, hence ensuring excellent customer care.When it comes to corporate/business customers, Marriott follows mutual profit dealing. Marriott often maintains a relationship with regular customers from corporate companies. For a certain number of customers, Marriott provides discounts and additional services if the company for which the customer works has a tie up with Marriott. Under the package, even banqueting and board rooms tummy be provided for free based on the particular organisation. This includes accommodation in reduced price. The company ensures that the connection with the hotel is beneficial by using the services and hence increase the times of usage of the hotel. In the otherwise hand, the hotel confirms a constant flow of customers. This can be considered as a profitable circle and hence its unique way of standing out from the crowd.As mentioned before, Gordon Ramsays restaurant, The Maze, unendingly has the capacity to attract people. People who want to hear the authentic French cuisine blended with Asian from the kitchen of a world famous chef always makes The Maze the centre of attraction. Due to the world premier of movies in theatres nearby, Marriott has seen an array of celebrities. And celebrities always attract crowd because of which Marriott increases its harvest-festival. Marriott ensures special attention, security and privacy for high profile people who need them the most. Privacy for these people is even provided in restaurants by providing special separate seating arrangements and hence keeping them away from the watchful eyes. These qualities make Marriot one of the most desired places to stay for the celebrities and hence ensuring a perfect service for different type of customers.IMPORTANCE OF ESTABLISHING EFFECTIVE CUSTOMER CAREA customer is an individual or group of individuals to whom you supply one or more products or services. (Smith, 20046). Customer care involves putting systems in place to maximise your customers satisfaction with your business. It should be a prime consideration for every business your sales and profitability depends on keeping your customers happy. (Business Link, 2010). The success of any business is hugely depended upon providing effective customer care.Customer care is all nigh customer satisfaction. If an organisation can make an experience as a memorable moment, then there testament be more return customers. Establishing effective customer care gives the organisation a high return and also the profit. Loyal customers are the one who are to be given supernumerary care as they are worthy.In this competitive world, the competition in the market is also very high. Custo mers are demanding for good service, good response to the complaints, and are demanding for extra bit of attention. Thus it is necessary for the organisation to prove a point to the customer that they really care for their customers.The expectations of the customers have been constantly rising. To meet these expectations, the organisation essential consistently analyse the level of service. If the requirement is not fulfilled by the organisation, then it will become a hurdle for the progression of the sector. Guests who are not satisfied will spread the news which will also create many obstacles to the business.Effective customer care is important in order to need repeated guests and also the guest tends to refer their friends also. This improves the sales and also the profit of the organisation. The reputation and the image of the organisation are improved if the customer care is good. This in turn brings more shares in the market. Especially the internal customers i.e. the empl oyees get more of job satisfaction by caring the customers.The main goal of establishing effective customer care is satisfying or delighting the customers. It also helps to exchange more information, maintain a good relationship, trust and also to decrease the workloads and costs. In hospitality industry, customers are the king. Effective customer care will benefit the customers in many ways. It is one of the important parts of marketing mix. Quality in service will give more loyal guests. It also ensures that the services and products delivered to the customers will be of good quality. Thus, establishing effective customer care in hospitality industry is very much important for improving the growth of the organisation.EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CUSTOMER SERVICE POLICIESThe evaluation of the effectiveness of customer service policies is an important factor to increase the growth of any organisation. The evaluation shows how the policy implemented influences the organisation. Ev en though most policies are practically followed only after careful considerations, there are always chances for misleading factors which might give more cons then pros for the policy. A simple example can be the usage of man power for the different sections of a hotel. Using more people for work which takes more time to be done can be a simple and effective solution.An effective customer service strategy has to be followed with considerable modifications based on the customer and their needs. Each customer is unique, so are their needs. In a customer service based roles, the colleagues will develop the capacity to differentiate the types of customers. If the situation permits, more importance can be given to customers with a higher value and who are more prone to be a regular customer. This just ensures that the specific customer goes through a different level of service hence providing bear upon service to all the customers.Excellent customer service is achieved when the customer is provided with what he/she wants even before they use it. The needs of the customer and how these needs are to be met with are meant to be determined. Exceeding the customers expectation always frames a name for the organisation. These needs are to be met with great care and also with consideration for other factors like cost and profit. Creating a name in the market is one challenge and maintaining it for years is a more challenging feat. The colleagues should have a good knowledge about the service the hotel can provide and also the capacity with which it has to be provided.Training for the employees should be focused and taken care of. The organisation must meet the needs of the employees and respect their decisions and ideas must be considered. Quality control is often achieved not by intensive supervision, but by building a sense of pride and the ability to work as a team. A proven method to increase the customer service skills of the employees is by sheer encouragement. Thi s can be in any forms, as in increasing the bonus, the status in the organisation or even organising a special event. In a nut shell, happy employees provide excellent service, thus making the customers happy and make them come back again. This increases the profit and also the bonus for the employees, which makes them happy. This cycle is very crucial for any customer based organisation to stand out from the crowd.

Impact Of It On Journalism Media Essay

Impact Of It On Journalism Media EssayThe evolution of engineering continues to revolutionize the news media industry. Television, computers and the internet are among many technologies which waste signifi fag endtly impacted the way in which news is researched, written and printed. This report leave behind analyse the impact of IT on journalism over the past quadruple years. It pass on look particularly at how recent web technologies have impacted journalists research techniques and affected the previsions of readers. It will further look into the good implications much(prenominal) technologies have bought to journalism and the sustainability issues pertinent to the industry.Researching news electronic network 2.0 technologies have had significant influence on journalists researching techniques. They have impacted the ways in which journalists find paper ideas, make contacts and acquire information. The 2009 Arketi Web Watch Survey revealed journalists sources of story ideas (Figure 1.1). The results demonstrate a considerable reliance upon Web 2.0 technologies, including blogs, Wikis, RSS feeds, podcasts and genial networks.Figure 1.1 Sources of Story IdeasNeumeiers expression reviewing the 2007 Arketi Web Watch Survey suggests that the connections Web 2.0 technologies enable, allow journalists to make contacts and ultimately acquire information. Such virtual networking means journalists can obtain information, including opinions, quotes and photos, without personally penetrating a contact, but by contacting or following them via social media posts (Sherratt, 2010). Web 2.0 on whole, provides journalists with convenient get at to a wide variety of both prime and secondary information sources.Reader expectationsRecent technology influenced trends have impacted the expectations of news readers. Unlike a newspaper, if an online reader is if dissatisfied with a news source, they are able to easily and freely switch to an opposite. According t o a 2010 survey, 57% of online news seekers visit between two and five localises a day theme of music only 21% have a single site they routinely visit (Pew Research Centre, 2010). Journalists are hence forced to meet the expectations of online news seekers in order capture and maintain their readers attention and ensure their stories are read. Social news, citizen journalism and busy internet are all recent trends influenced by technology which have impacted the expectations of news readers.Social newsNews utilization is a socially-engaging and socially-driven activity (Pew Research Centre, 2010). Tom Regan describes online journalism as a bipartite one-to-one model in contrast to conventional, one-way, we write, you read journalism. He claims in his article, The Digital Journalist written in 1997, that there is a strong have from readers to be able to interact with the writer and other readers of news stories. In 2010, with Web 2.0 technologies, which encourage participation and interaction on the internet, an even greater expectation is held by readers to be able to contribute to and share news. The Pew Research Centre (2010) survey revealed that most readers believe that keeping up with the news is a social or civic obligation. The survey also highlighted that 37% of online news readers have contributed to the creation of news, commentary about it, or dissemination of news via social media. These trends have been influenced by advancements in web technologies which allow readers to comment on stories, participate in forums and easily share links. The impact of social news consumption means that successful news stories encourage and facilitate reader participation.Citizen journalismCitizen journalism is a growing trend influenced by widespread individual access to cameras and online publishing platforms. Nine percent of news readers surveyed in 2010 revealed that they have contributed to the news by creating their own original news material or opinion piece (Pew Research Centre, 2010). These amateur news pieces can include reports, pictures, videos or audio and are usually published on blogs or social networking sites. Twitter, a micro-blogging site established in 2006 (Lur, 2010), is one such example of a site where citizen journalism is widespread. Twenty-six percent of its US employmentrs say they primarily use the site for news seeking (TNS and The Conference Board, 2009). On many occasions Twitter users, assisted by newswires (which monitor topic trends and divulge the latest news to a network wider than the original posters (Catone, 2009)), have beaten mainstream media in breaking news stories. For example, reports of earthquakes in the UK and China in 2008 were initially found on Twitter (Catone, 2009). Competing with such on-the-spot reporting is almost impossible for mainstream journalists as readers expect all reports to be equally as current as Tweets. However, Tweets are generally newsless due to their 140 characte r limit and citizen reports are usually seen as unreliable (Kanalley, 2009). Professional journalists are hence expected to, and must hence fence by, promptly reporting exclusive, informative and accurate news which citizen journalists cannot offer.The future of citizen journalism is promising with the launch of sites such as BBCs Your News. Yeon-ho, the creator of, OhmyNews.com, a popular Korean citizen news site, describes the future of journalism as a pro-am (professional-amateur) concept of combining citizen reporters with trained professional journalists and editors (OConnor, 2007). This is backed up by BBCs claims that Your News makes use of a huge range of material being sent to the BBC by the public, some of which has provided real newsgathering value (Hoffman, 2006).Mobile internetThe continuing increase in the use of mobile internet devices, such as Smartphones, has a corresponding affect on the number of readers accessing news via mobile internet (Diaz, 2010). The number of US mobile internet users is expected to rise from 89.2 million in 2010 to 134 million in 2013 (eMarketer, 2009), inevitably leading to a further increase in mobile news readers. The nature of mobile news will affect the expectations readers have on how news is presented. On the internet, readers tend to scan pages similarly, or to a greater extent, they will do so on their mobile devices. Well written information for the web is said to have 50% less words than a bulls eye article and should ensure information can be easily extracted through scanning (Thomas, 2010). Journalists will hence need to ensure their works can be easily scanned. News organizations websites will also need to be compatible with, and easily accessible and appealing on, mobile internet browsers and devices with small screens.Ethical Implications one of informationAmong the Australian Journalism Associations Code of Ethics is an obligation to report and interpret honestly, striving for accuracy, fairness and disclosure of all essential facts (Australian News Commentary, 2010). The rightfulness and accuracy of the information journalists provide to their readers can be tainted when sourcing information from the internet. One such example of incorrect journalism is that of a quote believed to be by Maurice Jarre, reportedafter his death by newspaper websites in the US, Britain, Australia and India. The quote was published on Wikipedia by a university student in Dublin, who subsequently confessed the information to be a hoax (Pogatchnik, 2009). This story highlights how a lack of consideration of the integrity of sources can result in inaccurate reporting. Consequences of such can include damaged reputations, misled readers and law suits.Using privately published informationInformation found on the internet can often be in public published without the creator knowingly doing so. A survey on internet users found that out of those surveyed, 78% of the adult online population would change information they publish about themselves online if they thought the material would later be reproduced in the mainstream media (Press Complaints Commission, 2008). Using information found on social networking profiles, may therefore be considered breaching journalists ethical codes which aim to respect personal privacy and fairly, responsibly and honestly obtain material (Australian News Commentary, 2010). writing for a global audienceThe internet is a global community therefore, news published online can be accessed by readers from around the world. Journalists must hence consider the different cultural interpretations of the language, imagery and particularly humor and slang contained within their news stories. A Michael Jackson skit performed on Australias Hey Hey Its Saturday program in 2009 is one such example humor which caused international disrespect because of different cultural background and interpretations. The US and the UK believed the skit was racist and disgracefu l while the majority of Australian audiences enjoyed the lighthearted humor (Duck McCabe, 2009). A 1998 article titled Writing for the Web reiterates the point that humor is prone to elude, and possibly offend, a percentage of the audience. The article also makes references to the differences in how dates are written, which may result in inaccurate reporting, and alternative meanings of words and hand gestures, which may be insulting in some cultures (Morelli, 1998).Sustainability issuesThe impact of online news has resulted in a continuing magnetic dip in newspaper sales which positively affects the sustainability of journalism (Malik, 2010). An audit revealed that The Age newspaper consumes approximately 146kg of paper, per year, per subscription (Monday Friday) (House in Harmony, 2009). A 2010 comparison of The Age sales shows a 4.1% drop to 189,500 since 2009 a figure attributed to an increase in online readings (Malik, 2010). If these newspapers were not printed, approximate ly 3250kg of paper would have been saved in the year, along with reductions in speed of light emissions produced by printers and other publishing machines. This decline in sales also reduces the emissions produced by deliveries to homes and retailers and reduces the consumption of plastic used to wrap delivered papers (House in Harmony, 2009). However, reading news online will increase the time readers spend on their computers and consequently produce more computer-generated emissions. Nonetheless, the consumption of news will be less wasteful as readers selectively view articles online, instead of purchasing an entire newspaper. Furthermore, increasing developments in Green IT improving energy efficiency and aspiring to reduce e-waste mean that a utter(a) conversion to online publishing is a sustainable initiative for the future.ConclusionTechnology, particularly the internet has had a significant and continuous impact on the journalism industry. Web 2.0 technologies have made it easier for journalists to find news stories and acquire information while the expectations of news readers have been impacted by recent technology influenced trends including social news, citizen journalism and mobile internet access. The use of the internet to research and publish stories means that journalists must ethically consider the integrity and privacy of information they exploit and the obligations which scrape up with writing for a global audience. Publishing news online also proves to be a sustainable initiative for the future as it reduces paper consumption and carbon emissions.

Judith Thomson And Don Marquis On Abortion Philosophy Essay

Judith Thomson And Don Marquis On Abortion doctrine EssayIn politics, religion and until now ethics, abortion is a highly controversial topic. Judith Thomson and Don Marquis are no different, as both of these philosophers have their own opinions on abortion. Thomson presents a qualify rivalry in favor of abortion in some cases based on what we as benignants are obligated to do to help others. Her crease survives the challenges that Marquiss opinion against abortion presents. The morality of abortion is discussed by both of these famous philosophers.Judith Thomson provides a defense for abortion, in specific circumstances, through a series of preposterous thought experiments (Thomson, 1971). Thomson begins her line of products by refuting the common affirmations against abortion, which sets up her first peculiar thought experiment (Thomson, 1971). In the experiment, she asks the subject to imagine that they wake up in the morning and find yourself back to back in bed with an u nconscious violinist (Thomson, 1971, p. 48). This violinist has a fatal kidney disease and you are the only somebody that can save him (Thomson, 1971). You must stay in bed with this violinist for a specific amount of judgment of conviction and after that amount of time you go out be free to leave (Thomson, 1971). Thomson implants the idea that the violinists right to life is more salient than your right to decide what happens to your own body. The basis for Thomsons argument becomes based on our business to separately other as humans. Thomson states that nowhere in this country, is any man compelled by law to be even a Minimally the right way Samaritan to any person whereas, in most states in this country women are compelled by law to be not merely Minimally Decent Samaritans tho Good Samaritans to unborn persons inside them (Thomson, 1971, p. 63). A Good Samaritan is someone that is often heroic and goes out of their way to help people in heroic ways whereas organism a mini mally decent Samaritan just requires people to do the right thing without being heroic. This idea is the most persuasive she presents because it shows a introduce inconsistency in the expectations of society. Thomson uses the brutal example of the death of raft Genovese to further establish her point (Thomson, 1971). In this case a woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked and stabbed to death. Although 38 people heard the encounter only one of them called the police while another yelled out the window to tell them to stop. A minimally decent Samaritan would have at least called the cops, showing that 37 of the people werent being minimally decent Samaritans in this case. save since there is no law against failing to be a minimally decent Samaritan, none of the 37 people were at fault. It is absurd that those people werent held up to the standard of being minimally decent except people against abortion hold that women must be good Samaritans to an unborn child inside of them. Anot her aspect of Thomsons argument is focused on a characteristic of abortion that she only touches upon. Throughout her argument for the permissibility of abortion she assumes that a fetus is a human at the outcome of conception even though she doesnt agree with this idea as shown from this quotation from the beginning of essay, A newly fertilized ovum, a newly implanted clump of cells, is no more a person than an acorn is an oak tree (Thomson, 1971, p. 48). There is obviously no direct parallel between an oak tree and humans, but this raises an kindle question regarding when we must say that a fetus becomes a human. Through this idea and by discussing the double standard surround our responsibility to help each other, Thomson provides a compelling argument.Philosopher Don Marquis wrote his piece Why Abortion Is Immoral after Judith Thomsons essay and developed an argument challenging Thomson. Marquis addresses a central aspect of the abortion argument by talking about when life st arts during pregnancy (Marquis, 1989). For the sake of his argument, he concludes that life is present at the moment of conception (Marquis, 1989). The main focus of Marquis argument is the idea that since a fetus is see to ited a person, the fetus has a future-like-ours, where the fetus will have atomic reactor of experiences and happiness just like any other human being (Marquis, 1989). Since it is prima facie seriously morally wrong to a kill a human being, therefore because adults and fetuses both share this future it is also prima facie seriously morally wrong to kill fetuses (Marquis, 1989). This poses a rather large problem for Thomsons argument. Her argument about our duty towards each other becomes irrelevant because if something is the only prima facie seriously morally wrong act past, in the view of a pluralist, it is your duty not to do that action. Thomson points out that, at the time her essay was written, the law required women to be good Samaritans to fetuses (Th omson, 1971). However, the only morally relevant fact in this case becomes that you have a prima facie duty not to kill humans, including fetuses. Thomson states that there are no laws requiring people to be minimally decent Samaritans, but that there should be because many a(prenominal) people hold women to this standard in the case of abortion (Thomson, 1971). However, if we begin holding people to minimally decent standards, then according to Marquis argument it seems that women must carry their children to term. Plenty of people carry their baby the full term so since Thomson is asking for laws requiring people to be minimally decent people, then by her own logic abortion would be illegal.While Don Marquis presents a strong argument challenging Judith Thomsons argument, Thomsons argument proves to be stronger than Marquis. When we consider the idea that the zygote might not be a fetus at the time of conception, Marquis argument begins to spill apart. This collapse begins when Thomson uses the oak tree analogy. She states, Similar things might be said about the development of an acorn into an oak tree, and it does not follow that acorns are oak trees, or that we had better say they are (Thomson, 1971, p. 47). This obviously cant be used as a direct parallel to a fetus, but it serves to prove her point. Thomson conveys a relevant idea to the argument of abortion that Marquis fails to discuss. Another way that Marquis argument fails is because he contradicts himself on the subject of contraception (Marquis, 1989). At the time of conception the life is just a cluster of various cells. One step removed from conception, is the failure of a sperm fertilizing an egg for various reasons including contraception. It then seems that the use of contraception would be prima facie wrong because it denies the sperm and the egg the possibility of fertilization, which would lead to a life of pleasurable experiences. Marquis is adamant that he doesnt think contraception is wrong (Marquis, 1989) but this becomes seems to contradict his own reasoning. Another problem in Marquis future-like-ours argument is that Marquis is relying on the fetuses having fortunate lives (Marquis, 1989). However the question should be raised about children born into tremendously difficult lives. While many fetuses will have fine childhoods, there are many horrible cases of children living in extremely impoverished conditions. Because this is an idea that Marquis should have considered his argument suffers yet another blow.Abortion is a topic with a multitude of views and opinions to discuss and both Thomson and Marquis many plenty of the possibilities. It is clear that, while Marquis has a rather intriguing argument, Thomson provides a much stronger argument for her view on abortion. Not only does she provide more valid or sensible evidence, her argument is also more applicable to real creation situations. Rarely in everyday life are we forced to consider the future of a zygote but almost everyday we must consider how much we owe to one another. Both Judith Thomson and Don Marquis are enormously respected philosophers but in this situation Thomson manages to survive the opposition. All it took was a further examination of Marquis opinion, to discover the more stringent argument.Reference PageMarquis, D. (1989). Why abortion is immoral. In The Journal of Philosophy (4 ed., Vol. 86, pp. 183-202). Journal of Philosophy Inc.Thomson, J. (1971). A defense of abortion. In Philosophy Public Affairs (1 ed., Vol. 1, pp. 47-66). Princeton University Press.Thomson, J. (1971). A defense of abortion. In J. Thomson (Ed.), Philosophy Public Affairs (1 ed., Vol. 1, p. 48). Princeton University Press.Thomson, J. (1971). A defense of abortion. In J. Thomson (Ed.), Philosophy Public Affairs (1 ed., Vol. 1, p. 63). Princeton University Press.

Sales Ethics Essay -- essays research papers fc

Sales EthicsWhat are they and how can they be better Followed?To fully date the nature of the question posed one must know the meaning of ethics. Websters dictionary defines ethics as the philosophical study of the moral prize of human conduct and of the rules and principles that ought to govern it moral philosophy, the moral fitness of a decisiveness, course of action, etc. Basic aloney, I believe ethics is how one makes a decision according to the social norm that surrounds him. The social norm includes not only the culture but the laws and standard subprograms of the environment. These laws and norms must be fully understood in front one can understand the ethical significance of ones decision. With that definition being stated we must look at the environment in which the activity in question occurred, a common sales exchange. The salesman obviously works for a company that governs his behaviors and measures his work. Therefore, they provide a structure of rules for him to fo llow in his job. In my opinion, by breaking these rules he has acted wrongly. The world of business is very complex and filled with decisions. Wither large or small they all energize an effect on the final product. Often times employees are monitored very heavily and are not given the change to make an wrong decision. Salesmen however are not monitored and can make decisions that greatly benefit themselves and not the company. This is the case in the example given to us. Because of the salesmans lack of performance he has to alter his actual performance to make it seem like he is doing his job right. While this is a small and seeming insignificant procedure it can hurt a company very badly. It is not ethical and is very bad business conduct. Some whitethorn say that this practice is all right and does not affect a company in any way. This is not true. The losses associated with these types of unethical behavior average more than $3,000 per employee per year in tangible, measurabl e costs. That doesnt count the losses in customer confidence, damage to the organizations reputation, loss of employee commitment to and confidence in leadership, or other, less-tangible costs.( Navran, Frank, 1997) Companies have guidelines for a reason. If they are lost then they loose money and c... ...unethical behavior in the pursuit of business objectives. One quarter reported that their companies managers look the other way and ignore unethical business conduct to meet business objectives. ( Navran, Frank, 1997) If managers keep pushing and pushing then salesmen will soon not be able to keep up. They almost have to cheat to keep their job. There are many unethical practices going on in todays business world. While they may seem insignificant they create a downward spiral that could eventually kill their business. Both managers and salesmen need to work together to eliminate the problem. Until they do unethical behaviors will continue to occur. Works CitedAre Your Employees Cheating to Keep Up? Ed. Navran, Frank. Copyright ACC Communications Inc 1997Do Sweat the Small Stuff. Ed. Meyer, Charlene. Journal for Quality & fellowship 26, no. 1 (Spring 2003) p. 31-32A Typology of Situational Factors Impact on Salesperson Decision Making About Ethical Issues. Ed. Ross, William Robertson, Diana. Journal of Business Ethics 46, no. 3 (Sep 2003)

Karl Marx :: essays research papers fc

KARL MARX HIS WORKSThis paper provide be about the main elements of Karl Marxs work, which includes the Paris Manuscripts, which will focus on alienation. The communist Manifesto, which will focus on Marxs political and economic theories and Capital Vol. 1., Marxs final work about how profits are made by the capitalist.Karl Marx was a liberal reformist who believed that capitalism could be reformed and inequality and exploitation of the working classes could be addressed and abolished. (Stones, p.22) . In 1844 Karl Marx wrote and published The economic and philosophic manuscripts of 1844, break dance known as The Paris Manuscripts. This was Karl Marxs offshoot work, where he writes a study about alienation of workers. (Hughes p.27) What does one mean by alienation? Karl Marx states that the alienate person feels a lack of meaning in his life, or a lack of self-realization. (Hughes p.27) One must understand, he argues, that there are three types of alienation. The first type of a lienation is alienation from oneself. The second type of alienation is alienation from his fellow human beings. The third type of alienation is alienation from the world as a whole. These three forms of alienation are interconnected, and Karl Marx describes the connections between them. This is the core of his approach to the problem of alienation (Monthly Review, 2000, p.36-53). An example of alienation does not have to stem from the workplace, however. For example, I know many persons who attend the same church as I do, but attend it for completely different reasons. I go to church to pray, to relate the family tradition, and to enjoy in the church functions. People go to church for a variety of reasons. People who attend the church only to be seen there and be superficially perceived as believers, are soon discovered and identified as such, and are usually alienated from the congregation. In 1844 Karl Marx met Fredrick Engels, another intellectual, and they became good friends a nd collaborators for life. The Communist Manifesto was Karl Marxs best-known work. The Communist Manifesto was intended to be a book easy to read and understand by the working class. (Manning, tantalise Notes) Karl Marx believed that if everyone understood what the bourgeoisie was doing in order to exploit the worker, the proletariat would unite and stage a revolution against the bourgeoisie. The Communist Manifesto was published in 1848, rightful(prenominal) before practically all of Europe became engulfed in revolution.